{"id":7283,"date":"2023-03-17T15:30:10","date_gmt":"2023-03-17T14:30:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wfdb.eu\/?page_id=7283"},"modified":"2023-03-21T10:38:18","modified_gmt":"2023-03-21T09:38:18","slug":"preconditions","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wfdb.eu\/wfdb-report-2022\/preconditions\/","title":{"rendered":" Informe Global de la WFDB 2018"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"7283\" class=\"elementor elementor-7283\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d7eef04 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"d7eef04\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ff20a4\" data-id=\"1ff20a4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e23c52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2e23c52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">PRECONDITIONS FOR \nDISABILITY INCLUSION<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d78a16 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d78a16\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-597fa7a\" data-id=\"597fa7a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee309e2 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"ee309e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h3&quot;,&quot;h4&quot;,&quot;h5&quot;,&quot;h6&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-ellipsis-h&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;},&quot;sticky&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;sticky_offset&quot;:125,&quot;sticky_parent&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;sticky_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;],&quot;sticky_effects_offset&quot;:0}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tPage Content\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\"><i class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\"><i class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-878f7ea\" data-id=\"878f7ea\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e043843 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e043843\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The twin-track approach for disability inclusion requires disability-specific measures (e.g., disability-specific programming, policies, procedures, etc.) to meet the requirements of persons with disabilities, as well as consistent and systematic mainstreaming of disability across all programmes, policies, and processes. To better illustrate the twin-track approach, features or measures that are commonly required by persons with disabilities are often identified as preconditions for disability inclusion &#8211; i.e., a prerequisite to their inclusion<a href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[i]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>For example, for education to be inclusive for persons with disabilities, certain steps or preconditions are required, such as identification and assessment of the disabilities of children, rehabilitation services to make them school-ready, access to assistive devices or technologies, and access to live assistance required during school, awareness raising of those in education to prevent discrimination, measures to make schools more accessible, etc. These steps or preconditions also apply to other services (e.g., employment, social protection, recreation, and more).<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Preconditions for inclusion are the essential building blocks or \u201cfoundational aspects that are indispensable in addressing the requirements and views of persons with disabilities and should be considered in public policy- making and programming across all sectors\u201d<a href=\"#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[ii]<\/sup><\/a>. This section considers the preconditions or disability-specific measures necessary for persons with deafblindness to support access to services across all sectors looking broadly at disability-specific measures that benefit persons with deafblindness as well as deafblindness-specific measures. These preconditions include:<\/p><ul><li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Deafblindness as a distinct disability<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Tackling stigma and discrimination<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Accessibility<\/span><\/li><li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Disability-specific services, including deafblind-specific services<\/span><ul><li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Identification, assessment, and referral<\/span><\/li><li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Rehabilitation and communication<\/span><\/li><li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Assistive devices and technologies and accessible technologies<\/span><\/li><li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Interpreter-guides\/\/Deafblind interpreters and other forms of live assistance<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Participation of persons with deafblindness<\/span><\/li><li class=\"MsoNormal\">Data collection and research.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[i]<\/sup><\/a> Pacific Disability Forum, <em>Guideline to Pre-Condition to Inclusion: Persons with Disabilities \u2013 COVID-19 Response<\/em>, Ref. No. COVI-19_PDF_08, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=preconditions+for+disability+inclusion&amp;oq=preconditions+for+disability+inclusion&amp;aqs=chrome..69i57j33i160l2j33i22i29i30l7.5476j1j15&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8#:~:text=pre%2Dcondition%20for,uploads%20%E2%80%BA%202021\/03\">https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=preconditions+for+disability+inclusion&amp;oq=preconditions+for+disability+inclusion&amp;aqs=chrome..69i57j33i160l2j33i22i29i30l7.5476j1j15&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8#:~:text=pre%2Dcondition%20for,uploads%20%E2%80%BA%202021\/03<\/a>, 9 April 2020.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[ii]<\/sup><\/a> UNPRPD, <em>The preconditions necessary to ensure disability inclusion across policies, services, and other interventions<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/unprpd.org\/sites\/default\/files\/library\/2020-08\/Annex%202%20UNPRPD%204th%20Funding%20Call%20Preconditions%20to%20disability%20inclusion%20ACC.pdf\">https:\/\/unprpd.org\/sites\/default\/files\/library\/2020-08\/Annex%202%20UNPRPD%204th%20Funding%20Call%20Preconditions%20to%20disability%20inclusion%20ACC.pdf<\/a>, accessed May 2022.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5027090 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5027090\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 20 16&#039; fill=&#039;none&#039; stroke=&#039;black&#039; stroke-width=&#039;1&#039; stroke-linecap=&#039;square&#039; stroke-miterlimit=&#039;10&#039;%3E%3Cg transform=&#039;translate(-12.000000, 0)&#039;%3E%3Cpath d=&#039;M28,0L10,18&#039;\/%3E%3Cpath d=&#039;M18,0L0,18&#039;\/%3E%3Cpath d=&#039;M48,0L30,18&#039;\/%3E%3Cpath d=&#039;M38,0L20,18&#039;\/%3E%3C\/g%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a109536 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a109536\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Deafblindness as a Distinct Disability<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b16c548 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b16c548\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>To ensure that persons with deafblindness have the appropriate supports and services, deafblindness needs to be officially recognised, in law, as a distinct disability of combined dual sensory impairment. In the first global report, WFDB identified the lack of official or legal recognition of deafblindness as a key barrier to the availability of support, and where countries \u201cdo officially recognise deafblindness as a distinct disability\u2026, (countries who recognise this distinct disability) are more likely to provide specific support services\u201d<a href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[i]<\/sup><\/a> for persons with deafblindness. Legal recognition not only increases the likelihood of tailored services, but it is also a practical necessity within most national legislative systems. It is not known how many countries lack official recognition of deafblindness or definitions that are partially adequate, and systematic legislative and policy research is needed to assess the gaps.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>This direct link between legal recognition and the availability of deafblindness-specific supports and services is a key first step to addressing the exclusion of persons with deafblindness in many countries. Often, deafblindness is mistakenly considered to be a combination of two disabilities \u2013 deafness and blindness \u2013 resulting in a determination of \u2018multiple disabilities\u2019 instead of a distinct, standalone disability of deafblindness. Even the words \u2018deafblindness\u2019 and \u2018deafblind\u2019 are often not recognised by spell check features in digital tools, such as computer operating systems, software, mobile phones, etc., forcing the spelling to either be hyphenated as \u2018deaf-blind\u2019 or as two words \u2018deaf and blind\u2019. This results in official documents portraying deafblindness as two impairments rather than a single impairment, which adds to the confusion about deafblindness.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Misperceptions about deafblindness as multiple disabilities limit the potential of legal recognition of deafblindness as a unique disability, which would in effect filter deafblindness-specific considerations across all services. For example, if a child has been diagnosed with deafblindness, their parents could request that the school teach deafblind communication methods to their child. If the child is considered to have \u2018multiple disabilities\u2019, it may be harder to request deafblindness-specific supports, thus services are less responsive to the requirements of persons with deafblindness<a href=\"#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[ii]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>A respondent to WFDB\u2019s survey noted that general disability categories, such as physical, mental, sensory, and multiple disabilities, may also be problematic for persons with deafblindness. This is because deafness and blindness are more commonly understood to be sensory disabilities, whereas deafblindness may be misplaced as multiple disabilities rather than as a distinct sensory disability.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Another common misperception is that deafblindness is a condition where the person is completely deaf and blind. This misperception, combined with a gap in the legal recognition of deafblindness, often forces persons with deafblindness to choose between blindness <strong>or<\/strong> deafness based on which of the two senses is more significantly affected. However, accessibility measures and services for the blind or the deaf do not usually meet the requirements of persons with deafblindness because of the combined dual sensory impairment and the inability of persons with deafblindness to compensate for hearing loss with their sight and vice versa<a href=\"#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[iii]<\/sup><\/a>. For example, sign language interpretation services for the deaf are usually insufficient for many persons with deafblindness because these sign language interpreters have not been trained in deafblind communication, orientation, description, and mobility support. Similarly, guiding services for the blind are insufficient in providing deafblind communication. Though persons with deafblindness may access these services for the blind or the deaf, it is often because they have no other options, and the prospect of no services would render them completely isolated.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>The best way to ensure that deafblindness is officially recognised is to ensure that it is listed among other types of disabilities recognised in national disability legislation. This national legislation may not be reviewed often and may involve a lengthy process to amend. In lieu of national legal recognition, local legal recognition may be considered as an alternative. For example, a respondent to WFDB\u2019s survey highlighted that there was local recognition of deafblindness in Mexico\u2019s Jalisco State, but not at the national level. In countries where national legislative changes are delayed, this may be a viable stop-gap measure. However, national recognition is preferable, as local legislation is likely to result in inconsistencies across national regions and inequalities within the country, including inequalities in service provision.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>The underlying cause of the lack of legal recognition of deafblindness is an insufficient understanding and awareness of deafblindness. This lack of understanding is caused by insufficient representation of diversity of persons with deafblindness and their communication requirements, by policymakers, health and rehabilitation professionals, and disability advocates.<a href=\"#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[iv]<\/sup><\/a> Because health and rehabilitation professionals are responsible for diagnosing and determining the disability status of individuals, they are gatekeepers of official recognition, and therefore, play a key role. OPDs also play a role in advocating for revised national legislation and in negotiating the revised provisions, including the types of disability and how they are defined. If OPDs of persons with deafblindness are not included in these negotiations, it is unlikely that deafblindness will be fully and correctly recognised.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[i]<\/sup><\/a> World Federation of the Deafblind, <em>At risk of exclusion from CRPD and SDG implementation: Inequality and Persons with Deafblindness<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/wfdb.eu\/wfdb-report-2018\/\">https:\/\/wfdb.eu\/wfdb-report-2018\/<\/a>, September 2018, p. 8.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[ii]<\/sup><\/a> <em>Ibid<\/em>., p. 9.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[iii]<\/sup><\/a> <em>Ibid<\/em>.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[iv]<\/sup><\/a> <em>Ibid<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eff377 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5eff377\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Good Practices<\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c902d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c902d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>WFDB identifies the acceptance of the Nordic definition of deafblindness as a good practice. The Nordic definition provides a lengthy but thorough explanation of deafblindness that may be referred to in legislation and policy and with the full text supplied as a resource to relevant parties. National legislation is written in the official legal language of a country, and therefore, it is essential that WFDB members and allies formulate an official definition of deafblindness in the working languages of each country that lacks this.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da22041 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"da22041\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 20 16&#039; fill=&#039;none&#039; stroke=&#039;black&#039; stroke-width=&#039;1&#039; stroke-linecap=&#039;square&#039; stroke-miterlimit=&#039;10&#039;%3E%3Cg transform=&#039;translate(-12.000000, 0)&#039;%3E%3Cpath d=&#039;M28,0L10,18&#039;\/%3E%3Cpath d=&#039;M18,0L0,18&#039;\/%3E%3Cpath d=&#039;M48,0L30,18&#039;\/%3E%3Cpath d=&#039;M38,0L20,18&#039;\/%3E%3C\/g%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e405079 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e405079\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nordic definition of deafblindness<\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-faba1a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"faba1a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Deafblindness is a combined vision and hearing impairment of such severity that it is hard for the impaired senses to compensate for each other. Thus, deafblindness is a distinct disability.<\/strong><\/p><p><a name=\"_Toc127024767\"><\/a>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>Main implications<\/strong><\/p><p>To varying degrees, deafblindness limits activities and restricts full participation in society. It affects social life, communication, access to information, orientation, and the ability to move around freely and safely.<\/p><p>To help compensate for the combined vision and hearing impairment, especially the tactile sense becomes important.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>Comments:<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>On the combined vision and hearing impairment<\/strong><\/p><p>The severity of the combined vision and hearing impairment depends on:<\/p><ul><li>The time of on-set, especially in relation to communication development and language acquisition<\/li><li>The degree and nature of the vision and hearing impairments<\/li><li>Whether it is congenital or acquired<\/li><li>Whether it is combined with other impairments<\/li><li>Whether it is stable or progressive<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>On the distinct disability<\/strong><\/p><p>The fact that it is hard for the impaired senses to compensate for each other means that:<\/p><ul><li>Attempting to use one impaired sense to compensate for the other one is time consuming, energy draining, and most often fragmented<\/li><li>A decrease in the function of vision and hearing increases the need for making use of other sensory stimuli (i.e., tactile, kinaesthetic, haptic, smell, and taste)<ul><li>It limits the access to distance information<\/li><li>It creates a need to rely on information within the near surroundings<\/li><li>To create meaning, it becomes necessary to rely on memory and to draw conclusions from fragmented information.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>On activities and participation<\/strong><\/p><p>Deafblindness limits activities and restricts full participation in society. In order to enable the individual to use their potential capacity and resources, society is required to facilitate specialised services<\/p><p>The individual and their environment should be equally involved, but the responsibility for granting access to activities lies on society. An accessible society should at least include:<\/p><ul><li>Available competent communication partners<\/li><li>Available specialised deafblind interpreting, including interpreting of speech,<\/li><li>environmental description, and guiding<\/li><li>Available information for everyone<\/li><li>Human support to ease everyday life<\/li><li>Adapted physical environment<\/li><li>Accessible technology and technological aids<\/li><\/ul><p>A person with deafblindness may be more disabled in one activity and less disabled in another activity. Variation in functioning might be the consequence of both environmental and personal factor<\/p><p>Specialised competence related to deafblindness, including an interdisciplinary approach, is vital for proper service provision\u201d<a href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[i]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[i]<\/sup><\/a> Nordic Welfare, Nordic Definition of Deafblindness, <a href=\"https:\/\/nordicwelfare.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/nordic-definition-of-deafblindness.pdf\">https:\/\/nordicwelfare.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/nordic-definition-of-deafblindness.pdf<\/a>, accessed May 2022.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3d1589 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b3d1589\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 20 16&#039; fill=&#039;none&#039; stroke=&#039;black&#039; stroke-width=&#039;1&#039; stroke-linecap=&#039;square&#039; stroke-miterlimit=&#039;10&#039;%3E%3Cg transform=&#039;translate(-12.000000, 0)&#039;%3E%3Cpath d=&#039;M28,0L10,18&#039;\/%3E%3Cpath d=&#039;M18,0L0,18&#039;\/%3E%3Cpath d=&#039;M48,0L30,18&#039;\/%3E%3Cpath d=&#039;M38,0L20,18&#039;\/%3E%3C\/g%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91a1043 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"91a1043\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>National disability legislation does not need to utilise the full Nordic definition due to its length, but it should list deafblindness as a distinct disability. Furthermore, an official definition of deafblindness should include the following key elements:<\/p><ul><li>Deafblindness is a distinct and unique disability in law and practice<\/li><li>Understanding that it is hard for the impaired senses to compensate for each other<\/li><li>Understanding that deafblindness affects communication, access to information, socialisation, development, mobility, orientation, etc.<\/li><li>Understanding of the need for tactile communication, assistive devices or technology, and live assistance (e.g., interpreter-guides\/Deafblind interpreters)<\/li><li>The importance of raising awareness about deafblindness and the requirements of persons with deafblindness<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Official recognition should be based on the social model of disability with functional assessment and not mere medical evaluation of vision and hearing<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-743129d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"743129d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 20 16&#039; fill=&#039;none&#039; stroke=&#039;black&#039; stroke-width=&#039;1&#039; stroke-linecap=&#039;square&#039; stroke-miterlimit=&#039;10&#039;%3E%3Cg transform=&#039;translate(-12.000000, 0)&#039;%3E%3Cpath d=&#039;M28,0L10,18&#039;\/%3E%3Cpath d=&#039;M18,0L0,18&#039;\/%3E%3Cpath d=&#039;M48,0L30,18&#039;\/%3E%3Cpath d=&#039;M38,0L20,18&#039;\/%3E%3C\/g%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee6d5d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ee6d5d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Recommendations<\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7570e81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7570e81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Governments<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>Adopt a comprehensive official definition of deafblindness, for example, the Nordic definition, and list deafblindness as a distinct disability in national disability legislation<\/li>\n<li>Actively raise awareness of policymakers and health and rehabilitation professionals on the definition of deafblindness<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>OPDs and NGOs<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>OPDs advocating for national disability legislation should consult with OPDs of persons with deafblindness, or WFDB in lieu of a national deafblind association, to ensure the voices of persons with deafblindness are not excluded<\/li>\n<li>Raise awareness within the disability movement on the definition of deafblindness to facilitate greater understanding and to avoid misrepresenting persons with deafblindness<\/li>\n<li>Advocate for the inclusion of \u2018deafblind\u2019 and \u2018deafblindness\u2019 in spell check features of, for example, Microsoft Word, iPhone, and other digital tools, to gain acknowledgement of deafblindness as a unique disability and not multiple disabilities<\/li>\n<\/ul><div><br><\/div>\n<p><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>Donors and Research Institutes<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>Conduct research to analyse which countries have official recognition of deafblindness, whether it meets the above standards, and how this legal recognition is applied<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b01c6c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b01c6c5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-399093b\" data-id=\"399093b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-62fe4b9\" data-id=\"62fe4b9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c10543e elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"c10543e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" role=\"button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Return to the executive summary<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-52a179d\" data-id=\"52a179d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ecd187 elementor-align-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"0ecd187\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" role=\"button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Continue to the next chapter<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Este informe de la situaci\u00f3n de las personas con sordoceguera busca dar comienzo a un di\u00e1logo entre las partes interesadas a nivel internacional y est\u00e1 basado en las investigaciones, combinando el mayor an\u00e1lisis basado en poblaci\u00f3n sobre personas con sordoceguera realizado hasta la fecha, revisi\u00f3n bibliogr\u00e1fica, y dos encuestas realizadas a miembros y asociados de WFDB y Sense Internacional. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1890,"parent":7206,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7283","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wfdb.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7283","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wfdb.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wfdb.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wfdb.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wfdb.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7283"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/wfdb.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7283\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7400,"href":"https:\/\/wfdb.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7283\/revisions\/7400"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wfdb.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7206"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wfdb.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1890"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wfdb.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7283"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wfdb.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7283"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wfdb.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7283"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}